The Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration, which produced the first-ever picture of our Milky Means black gap launched in 2022, has captured a brand new view of the huge object on the middle of our Galaxy: the way it seems in polarized mild. That is the primary time astronomers have been in a position to measure polarization, a signature of magnetic fields, this near the sting of Sagittarius A*. This picture reveals the polarized view of the Milky Means black gap. The traces overlaid on this picture mark the orientation of polarization, which is said to the magnetic area across the shadow of the black gap. Credit score: EHT CollaborationThe Occasion Horizon Telescope has captured a picture of the supermassive black gap Sagittarius A* in polarized mild, revealing robust, organized magnetic fields much like these of the M87 black gap, which may very well be a typical characteristic in such cosmic entities and hints at a hidden jet in Sgr A*.A brand new picture from the Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has uncovered robust and arranged magnetic fields spiraling from the sting of the supermassive black gap Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Seen in polarized mild for the primary time, this new view of the monster lurking on the coronary heart of the Milky Means galaxy has revealed a magnetic area construction strikingly much like that of the black gap on the middle of the M87 galaxy, suggesting that robust magnetic fields could also be frequent to all black holes. This similarity additionally hints towards a hidden jet in Sgr A*. The outcomes had been printed on March 27 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.In 2022 scientists unveiled the primary picture of Sgr A* at press conferences world wide, together with on the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Whereas the Milky Means’s supermassive black gap, which is roughly 27,000 light-years away from Earth, is greater than a thousand occasions smaller and fewer large than M87’s, the first-ever black gap imaged, the observations revealed that the 2 look remarkably comparable. This made scientists wonder if the 2 shared frequent traits outdoors of their seems. To search out out, the workforce determined to check Sgr A* in polarized mild. Earlier research of sunshine across the M87 black gap (M87*) revealed that the magnetic fields round it allowed the black gap to launch highly effective jets of fabric again into the encircling surroundings. Constructing on this work, the brand new pictures have revealed that the identical could also be true for Sgr A*.Seen right here in polarized mild, this side-by-side picture of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagittarius A* signifies to scientists that these beasts have comparable magnetic area constructions. That is vital as a result of it means that the bodily processes that govern how a black gap feeds and launches a jet could also be common options amongst supermassive black holes.The size reveals the obvious dimension on the sky of those pictures, in models of micro-arcseconds. A finger held at arm’s size measures 1 diploma on the sky; a micro-arcsecond is 3.6 billion occasions smaller than that. In context, the photographs of those black holes have an obvious dimension much like that of a donut on the floor of the Moon.Credit score: EHT Collaboration“What we’re seeing now’s that there are robust, twisted, and arranged magnetic fields close to the black gap on the middle of the Milky Means galaxy,” mentioned Sara Issaoun, NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow on the Middle for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, US, and co-lead of the undertaking. “Together with Sgr A* having a strikingly comparable polarization construction to that seen within the a lot bigger and extra highly effective M87* black gap, we’ve discovered that robust and ordered magnetic fields are essential to how black holes work together with the fuel and matter round them.”That is the primary picture of Sgr A*, the supermassive black gap on the middle of our galaxy. It’s the primary direct visible proof of the presence of this black gap. It was captured by the Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT), an array that linked collectively eight current radio observatories throughout the planet to kind a single “Earth-sized” digital telescope. The telescope is known as after the occasion horizon, the boundary of the black gap past which no mild can escape. Credit score: EHT CollaborationLight is an oscillating, or shifting, electromagnetic wave that enables us to see objects. Typically, mild oscillates in a most well-liked orientation, and we name it ‘polarized’. Though polarized mild surrounds us, to human eyes it’s indistinguishable from ‘regular’ mild. Within the plasma round these black holes, particles whirling round magnetic area traces impart a polarization sample perpendicular to the sphere. This permits astronomers to see in more and more vivid element what’s taking place in black gap areas and map their magnetic area traces.This picture reveals the polarized view of the black gap in M87. The traces mark the orientation of polarization, which is said to the magnetic area across the shadow of the black gap. Credit score: EHT Collaboration“By imaging polarized mild from sizzling glowing fuel close to black holes, we’re instantly inferring the construction and energy of the magnetic fields that thread the stream of fuel and matter that the black gap feeds on and ejects,” mentioned Harvard Black Gap Initiative Fellow and undertaking co-lead Angelo Ricarte. “Polarized mild teaches us much more concerning the astrophysics, the properties of the fuel, and mechanisms that happen as a black gap feeds.”Dimension comparability of the 2 black holes imaged by the Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration: M87*, on the coronary heart of the galaxy Messier 87, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), on the middle of the Milky Means. The picture reveals the dimensions of Sgr A* as compared with each M87* and different parts of the Photo voltaic System such because the orbits of Pluto and Mercury. Additionally displayed is the Solar’s diameter and the present location of the Voyager 1 area probe, the furthest spacecraft from Earth. Credit score: EHT collaboration (acknowledgment: Lia Medeiros, xkcd)However imaging black holes in polarized mild isn’t as simple as placing on a pair of polarized sun shades, and that is significantly true of Sgr A*, which is altering so quick that it doesn’t sit nonetheless for photos. Imaging the supermassive black gap requires refined instruments above and past these beforehand used for capturing M87*, a a lot steadier goal. EHT Mission Scientist Geoffrey Bower from the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei mentioned, “As a result of Sgr A* strikes round whereas we attempt to take its image, it was troublesome to assemble even the unpolarized picture,” including that the primary picture was a median of a number of pictures owing to Sgr A*’s motion. “We had been relieved that polarized imaging was even potential. Some fashions had been far too scrambled and turbulent to assemble a polarized picture, however Nature was not so merciless.”This zoom video takes you to Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black gap on the middle of our galaxy, seen now for the primary time in polarized mild. The video begins on the Atacama Giant Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a telescope by which ESO is a accomplice and that’s a part of the Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT). As we zoom into the center of our galaxy, we swap from seen to infrared mild to see by way of the dense clouds of mud on this area. We see some stars orbiting very near Sgr A*, noticed with ESO’s Very Giant Telescope Interferometer. Lastly, we arrive at Sgr A*. The primary picture of this black gap was launched in 2022. The swirling traces overlaid on this new picture mark the orientation of polarization, which is linked to the form of the magnetic area across the black gap.Mariafelicia De Laurentis, EHT Deputy Mission Scientist and professor on the College of Naples Federico II, Italy, mentioned, “With a pattern of two black holes — with very totally different plenty and really totally different host galaxies — it’s vital to find out what they agree and disagree on. Since each are pointing us towards robust magnetic fields, it means that this can be a common and maybe elementary characteristic of those sorts of programs. One of many similarities between these two black holes could be a jet, however whereas we’ve imaged a really apparent one in M87*, we’ve but to seek out one in Sgr A*.”A worldwide map exhibiting the radio observatories that kind the Occasion Horizon Telescope (EHT) community used to picture the Milky Means’s central black gap, Sagittarius A*. Credit score: ESO/M. KornmesserTo observe Sgr A*, the collaboration linked eight telescopes world wide to create a digital Earth-sized telescope, the EHT. The Atacama Giant Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by which ESO is a accomplice, and the ESO-hosted Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), each in northern Chile, had been a part of the community that made the observations, carried out in 2017.“As the biggest and strongest of the telescopes within the EHT, ALMA performed a key position in making this picture potential,” says ESO’s María Díaz Trigo, European ALMA Programme Scientist. “ALMA is now planning an ‘excessive makeover’, the Wideband Sensitivity Improve, which can make ALMA much more delicate and maintain it a elementary participant in future EHT observations of Sgr A* and different black holes.”Vast-field view of the middle of the Milky Means. This seen mild wide-field view reveals the wealthy star clouds within the constellation of Sagittarius (the Archer) within the path of the middle of our Milky Means galaxy. The complete picture is stuffed with huge numbers of stars — however way more stay hidden behind clouds of mud and are solely revealed in infrared pictures. This view was created from images in pink and blue mild and forming a part of the Digitized Sky Survey 2. The sector of view is roughly 3.5 levels x 3.6 levels. Credit score: ESO and Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin and S. Guisard (www.eso.org/~sguisard)The EHT has carried out a number of observations since 2017 and is scheduled to watch Sgr A* once more in April 2024. Every year, the photographs enhance because the EHT incorporates new telescopes, bigger bandwidth, and new observing frequencies. Deliberate expansions for the subsequent decade will allow high-fidelity films of Sgr A*, could reveal a hidden jet, and will enable astronomers to watch comparable polarization options in different black holes. In the meantime, extending the EHT into area would offer sharper pictures of black holes than ever earlier than.This analysis was offered in two papers by the EHT Collaboration printed right now in The Astrophysical Journal Letters: “First Sagittarius A* Occasion Horizon Telescope Outcomes. VII. Polarization of the Ring” and “First Sagittarius A* Occasion Horizon Telescope Outcomes. VIII.: Bodily interpretation of the polarized ring.”This chart reveals the placement of the sphere of view inside which Sagittarius A* resides — the black gap is marked with a pink circle throughout the constellation of Sagittarius (The Archer). This map reveals a lot of the stars seen to the unaided eye underneath good circumstances. Credit score: ESO, IAU and Sky & TelescopeReferences:“First Sagittarius A* Occasion Horizon Telescope Outcomes. VII. Polarization of the Ring” by Kazunori Akiyama, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Juan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Uwe Bach, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Balokovic, Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, John Barrett, Michi Bauböck, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Hope Boyce, Michael Bremer, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamante, Do-Younger Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Chiara Ceccobello, Andrew Chael, Chi-kwan Chan, Dominic O. Chang, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chatterjee, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Chen, Xiaopeng Cheng, Ilje Cho, Pierre Christian, Nicholas S. Conroy, John E. Conway, James M. Cordes, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Rohan Dahale, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, Gregory Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Vedant Dhruv, Indu Ok. Dihingia, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Sean Taylor Dougal, Sergio A. Dzib, Ralph P. Eatough, Razieh Emami, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Edward Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Marianna Foschi, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Charles F. Gammie, Roberto García, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, José L. Gómez, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Kari Haworth, Michael H. Hecht, Ronald Hesper, Dirk Heumann, Luis C. Ho, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Huang, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, C. M. Violette Impellizzeri, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu Jiang, Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Svetlana Jorstad, Abhishek V. Joshi, Taehyun Jung, Mansour Karami, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett Ok. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Younger Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jun Yi Koay, Prashant Kocherlakota, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Noemi La Bella, Tod R. Lauer, Daeyoung Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Po Kin Leung, Aviad Levis, Zhiyuan Li, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Michael Lindqvist, Mikhail Lisakov, Jun Liu, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen-Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin J. Lonsdale, Amy E. Lowitz, Ru-Sen Lu, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Jirong Mao,, Nicola Marchili, Sera Markoff, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Martí-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Lia Medeiros, Karl M. Menten, Daniel Michalik, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, James M. Moran, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Wanga Mulaudzi, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Müller, Alejandro Mus, Gibwa Musoke, Ioannis Myserlis, Andrew Nadolski, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Masanori Nakamura, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Santiago Navarro Fuentes, Joey Neilsen, Roberto Neri, Chunchong Ni, Aristeidis Noutsos, Michael A. Nowak, Junghwan Oh, Hiroki Okino, Hèctor Olivares, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Tomoaki Oyama, Feryal Özel, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Georgios Filippos Paraschos, Jongho Park, Harriet Parsons, Nimesh Patel, Ue-Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Piétu, Richard Plambeck, Aleksandar PopStefanija, Oliver Porth, Felix M. Pötzl, Ben Prather, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Dimitrios Psaltis, Hung-Yi Pu, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Alexander W. Raymond, Luciano Rezzolla, Angelo Ricarte, Bart Ripperda, Freek Roelofs, Alan Rogers, Cristina Romero-Cañizales, Eduardo Ros, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Ignacio Ruiz, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Salvador Sánchez, David Sánchez-Argüelles, Miguel Sánchez-Portal, Mahito Sasada, Kaushik Satapathy, Tuomas Savolainen, F. Peter Schloerb, Jonathan Schonfeld, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Lijing Shao, Zhiqiang Shen, Des Small, Bong Received Sohn, Jason SooHoo, León David Sosapanta Salas, Kamal Souccar, Joshua S. Stanway, He Solar, Fumie Tazaki, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P. J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Pablo Torne, Teresa Toscano, Efthalia Traianou, Tyler Trent, Sascha Trippe, Matthew Turk, Ilse van Bemmel, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Daniel R. van Rossum, Jesse Vos, Jan Wagner, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jasmin E. Washington, Jonathan Weintroub, Robert Wharton, Maciek Wielgus, Kaj Wiik, Gunther Witzel, Michael F. Wondrak, George N. Wong, Qingwen Wu, Nitika Yadlapalli, Paul Yamaguchi, Aristomenis Yfantis, Doosoo Yoon, Andrè Younger, Ken Younger, Ziri Younsi, Wei Yu, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Yuan, J. Anton Zensus, Shuo Zhang, Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao, 27 March 2024, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df0“First Sagittarius A* Occasion Horizon Telescope Outcomes. VIII. Bodily Interpretation of the Polarized Ring” by Kazunori Akiyama, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Juan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Uwe Bach, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, John Barrett, Michi Bauböck, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Hope Boyce, Michael Bremer, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamante, Do-Younger Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Chiara Ceccobello, Andrew Chael, Chi-kwan Chan, Dominic O. Chang, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chatterjee, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Chen,, Xiaopeng Cheng, Ilje Cho, Pierre Christian, Nicholas S. Conroy, John E. Conway, James M. Cordes, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Rohan Dahale, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, Gregory Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Vedant Dhruv, Indu Ok. Dihingia, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Sean Dougall, Sergio A. Dzib, Ralph P. Eatough, Razieh Emami, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Edward Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Marianna Foschi, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Charles F. Gammie, Roberto García, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, José L. Gómez, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Kari Haworth, Michael H. Hecht, Ronald Hesper, Dirk Heumann, Luis C. Ho, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Huan, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, C. M. Violette Impellizzeri, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu Jiang, Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Svetlana Jorstad, Abhishek V. Joshi, Taehyun Jung, Mansour Karami, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett Ok. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Younger Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jun Yi Koay, Prashant Kocherlakota, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Noemi La Bella, Tod R. Lauer, Daeyoung Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Po Kin Leung, Aviad Levis, Zhiyuan Li, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Michael Lindqvist, Mikhail Lisakov, Jun Liu, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen-Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin J. Lonsdale, Amy E. Lowitz, Ru-Sen Lu, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Jirong Mao, Nicola Marchili, Sera Markoff, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Martí-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Lia Medeiros, Karl M. Menten, Daniel Michalik, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, James M. Moran, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Wanga Mulaudzi, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Müller, Alejandro Mus, Gibwa Musoke, Ioannis Myserlis, Andrew Nadolski, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Masanori Nakamura, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Santiago Navarro Fuentes, Joey Neilsen, Roberto Neri, Chunchong Ni, Aristeidis Noutsos, Michael A. Nowak, Junghwan Oh, Hiroki Okino, Héctor Olivares, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Tomoaki Oyama, Feryal Özel, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Georgios Filippos Paraschos, Jongho Park, Harriet Parsons, Nimesh Patel, Ue-Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Piétu, Richard Plambeck, Aleksandar PopStefanija, Oliver Porth, Felix M. Pötzl, Ben Prather, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Dimitrios Psaltis, Hung-Yi Pu, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Alexander W. Raymond, Luciano Rezzolla, Angelo Ricarte, Bart Ripperda, Freek Roelofs, Alan Rogers, Cristina Romero-Cañizales, Eduardo Ros, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Ignacio Ruiz, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Salvador Sánchez, David Sánchez-Argüelles, Miguel Sánchez-Portal, Mahito Sasada, Kaushik Satapathy, Tuomas Savolainen, F. Peter Schloerb, Jonathan Schonfeld, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Lijing Shao, Zhiqiang Shen, Des Small, Bong Received Sohn, Jason SooHoo, León David Sosapanta Salas, Kamal Souccar, Joshua S. Stanway, He Solar, Fumie Tazaki, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P. J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Pablo Torne, Teresa Toscano, Efthalia Traianou, Tyler Trent, Sascha Trippe, Matthew Turk, Ilse van Bemmel, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Daniel R. van Rossum, Jesse Vos, Jan Wagner, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jasmin E. Washington, Jonathan Weintroub, Robert Wharton, Maciek Wielgus, Kaj Wiik, Gunther Witzel, Michael F. Wondrak, George N. Wong, Qingwen Wu, Nitika Yadlapalli, Paul Yamaguchi, Aristomenis Yfantis, Doosoo Yoon, André Younger, Ken Younger, Ziri Younsi, Wei Yu, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Yuan, J. Anton Zensus, Shuo Zhang, Guang-Yao Zhao, Shan-Shan Zhao and Mahdi Najafi-Ziyazi, 27 March 2024, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1The EHT collaboration includes greater than 300 researchers from Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America. The worldwide collaboration is working to seize essentially the most detailed black gap pictures ever obtained by making a digital Earth-sized telescope. Supported by appreciable worldwide funding, the EHT hyperlinks current telescopes utilizing novel programs — making a basically new instrument with the very best angular resolving energy that has but been achieved.The person telescopes concerned within the EHT in April 2017, when the observations had been carried out, had been: the Atacama Giant Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique (IRAM) 30-meter Telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), the Giant Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano (LMT), the Submillimeter Array (SMA), the UArizona Submillimeter Telescope (SMT), and the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Since then, the EHT has added the Greenland Telescope (GLT), the IRAM NOrthern Prolonged Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and the UArizona 12-meter Telescope on Kitt Peak to its community.The EHT consortium consists of 13 stakeholder institutes: the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the College of Arizona, the College of Chicago, the East Asian Observatory, Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt, Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, Giant Millimeter Telescope, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, MIT Haystack Observatory, Nationwide Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Radboud College and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.